My standard recommendation for introductory reading about philosophical concepts and thinkers is the Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (plato.stanford.edu; it’s a memorable URL). It has helpful, accessible explanations, links to related topics, and recommendations for further reading – and it’s free! So, for example, there are articles on Consequentialism and Deontological Ethics; they give a basic summary of the concepts at the beginning, then go into more technical specifics for students and scholars.